Organizing Your Literature Review – An APA style paper is organized in the author-date style. This means you cite the author’s name and year of publication within the text with an in-text citation. You also include the page number, if appropriate. You then include the full information of that source in a reference list at the end of your paper.
Do you need to cite in a literature review?
Citing and referencing your sources is an essential part of your literature review. It is incredibly important for both you and your supervisor to be able to quickly and easily locate you sources to check quotations and general information. This section of the guide will take you through the basics of referencing and some of the tools available to assist you.
providing citations in your essay where you have quoted or paraphrased another’s words or ideas providing a reference list or bibliography at the end of your assignment.
A citation is referring to part of a reference, either a direct quotation or paraphrasing, within the text of your writing. These are generally called in-text citations, and the basic information of author and date are included.
Can you cite someone else’s literature review?
Is it okay to refer to a review article of some other person for writing a review article? 1 Answer to this question Thank you for your query! Many publishers do state that citations of original articles should be preferred over citations of review articles (for example: “more prominent citation of review articles, instead of original research papers, can obscure or bias the connectivity of the scientific literature (Nat.
- Cell Biol.11, 1, 2009).”).
- This is also because the original article, and not the review, is the primary source of the information and is therefore a truer source for citation.
- However, this also depends on the function of the citation in your paper.
- If the conclusions of the review in particular are relevant to the citation, the review is a better source than any individual article mentioned in the review you are citing.
If the source of your information is the original article that was part of the review, you can still cite the original source via the review, for example “Smith et al.2000, reviewed in Jones et al.2015”, although this should be done sparingly. Finally, do note that these rules are usually not applied differently for original articles versus review articles—if the review you are citing was a good citation for the original article, it would be an equally good citation for the review article you are writing.
Conversely, if you would be reluctant to cite the review in an original article, the same logic would apply to a review article. I hope that this addresses the main points of your query; however, do weigh each review you wish to cite on its merits, and please include it if it is the best available citation for the point you wish to make.
: Is it okay to refer to a review article of some other person for writing a review article?
How do you cite a literature review in APA format?
Organizing Your Literature Review – An APA style paper is organized in the author-date style. This means you cite the author’s name and year of publication within the text with an in-text citation. You also include the page number, if appropriate. You then include the full information of that source in a reference list at the end of your paper.
How do you cite in-text APA literature review?
APA Citation Basics – When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. This means that the author’s last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, like, for example, (Jones, 1998). One complete reference for each source should appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.
- If you are referring to an idea from another work but NOT directly quoting the material, or making reference to an entire book, article or other work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication and not the page number in your in-text reference.
- On the other hand, if you are directly quoting or borrowing from another work, you should include the page number at the end of the parenthetical citation.
Use the abbreviation “p.” (for one page) or “pp.” (for multiple pages) before listing the page number(s). Use an en dash for page ranges. For example, you might write (Jones, 1998, p.199) or (Jones, 1998, pp.199–201). This information is reiterated below.
Always capitalize proper nouns, including author names and initials: D. Jones. If you refer to the title of a source within your paper, capitalize all words that are four letters long or greater within the title of a source: Permanence and Change, Exceptions apply to short words that are verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs: Writing New Media, There Is Nothing Left to Lose,
( Note: in your References list, only the first word of a title will be capitalized: Writing new media,)
When capitalizing titles, capitalize both words in a hyphenated compound word: Natural-Born Cyborgs, Capitalize the first word after a dash or colon: “Defining Film Rhetoric: The Case of Hitchcock’s Vertigo,” If the title of the work is italicized in your reference list, italicize it and use title case capitalization in the text: The Closing of the American Mind ; The Wizard of Oz ; Friends, If the title of the work is not italicized in your reference list, use double quotation marks and title case capitalization (even though the reference list uses sentence case): “Multimedia Narration: Constructing Possible Worlds;” “The One Where Chandler Can’t Cry.”
Can you copy literature review?
Most academics know they cannot simply duplicate other people’s writing and present it as their own. They generally know not to copy and paste from other articles without properly using a quote format and citing the article appropriately to give the original authors credit. However, there are several ways in which academic writers plagiarize inadvertently. This article discusses one such scenario.
Should I paraphrase literature review?
Paraphrasing is an essential skill for literature reviews. The key to doing it well is to first understand what you have read. Try looking at the source(s) as a whole. Paraphrasing is not an exercise in re-wording each sentence, one at a time – doing so is poor academic practice.
How many citations is good for a literature review?
My ‘rule of thumb’ has always been to use a maximum of three references to support a particular statement. The role of a literature review is to provide a targeted review of the literature. In my view, there are several reasons why it is wise not to use too many references: It really disturbs the flow of the paper.
What is the difference between a reference and a literature review?
Both reference and literature review are the parts of research article or thesis the difference between then are as follows: Explanation: A reference is always included in the end of the research report whereas the literature review is included in the beginning of the report.
Are literature reviews in APA or MLA?
Literature review – A literature review is a critical summary of what the scientific literature says about your specific topic or question. Often student research in APA fields falls into this category. Your professor might ask you to write this kind of paper to demonstrate your familiarity with work in the field pertinent to the research you hope to conduct.
Introduction Thesis statement Summary and synthesis of sources List of references
Some instructors may also want you to write an abstract for a literature review, so be sure to check with them when given an assignment. Also, the length of a literature review and the required number of sources will vary based on course and instructor preferences.
What are the 3 parts of literature review?
Consider organization – You’ve got a focus, and you’ve stated it clearly and directly. Now what is the most effective way of presenting the information? What are the most important topics, subtopics, etc., that your review needs to include? And in what order should you present them? Develop an organization for your review at both a global and local level: First, cover the basic categories Just like most academic papers, literature reviews also must contain at least three basic elements: an introduction or background information section; the body of the review containing the discussion of sources; and, finally, a conclusion and/or recommendations section to end the paper.
Introduction: Gives a quick idea of the topic of the literature review, such as the central theme or organizational pattern. Body: Contains your discussion of sources and is organized either chronologically, thematically, or methodologically (see below for more information on each). Conclusions/Recommendations: Discuss what you have drawn from reviewing literature so far. Where might the discussion proceed?
Organizing the body Once you have the basic categories in place, then you must consider how you will present the sources themselves within the body of your paper. Create an organizational method to focus this section even further. To help you come up with an overall organizational framework for your review, consider the following scenario: You’ve decided to focus your literature review on materials dealing with sperm whales.
- This is because you’ve just finished reading Moby Dick, and you wonder if that whale’s portrayal is really real.
- You start with some articles about the physiology of sperm whales in biology journals written in the 1980’s.
- But these articles refer to some British biological studies performed on whales in the early 18th century.
So you check those out. Then you look up a book written in 1968 with information on how sperm whales have been portrayed in other forms of art, such as in Alaskan poetry, in French painting, or on whale bone, as the whale hunters in the late 19th century used to do.
Chronological: If your review follows the chronological method, you could write about the materials above according to when they were published. For instance, first you would talk about the British biological studies of the 18th century, then about Moby Dick, published in 1851, then the book on sperm whales in other art (1968), and finally the biology articles (1980s) and the recent articles on American whaling of the 19th century. But there is relatively no continuity among subjects here. And notice that even though the sources on sperm whales in other art and on American whaling are written recently, they are about other subjects/objects that were created much earlier. Thus, the review loses its chronological focus.
By publication: Order your sources by publication chronology, then, only if the order demonstrates a more important trend. For instance, you could order a review of literature on biological studies of sperm whales if the progression revealed a change in dissection practices of the researchers who wrote and/or conducted the studies.
By trend: A better way to organize the above sources chronologically is to examine the sources under another trend, such as the history of whaling. Then your review would have subsections according to eras within this period. For instance, the review might examine whaling from pre-1600-1699, 1700-1799, and 1800-1899. Under this method, you would combine the recent studies on American whaling in the 19th century with Moby Dick itself in the 1800-1899 category, even though the authors wrote a century apart.
Thematic: Thematic reviews of literature are organized around a topic or issue, rather than the progression of time. However, progression of time may still be an important factor in a thematic review. For instance, the sperm whale review could focus on the development of the harpoon for whale hunting. While the study focuses on one topic, harpoon technology, it will still be organized chronologically. The only difference here between a “chronological” and a “thematic” approach is what is emphasized the most: the development of the harpoon or the harpoon technology.But more authentic thematic reviews tend to break away from chronological order. For instance, a thematic review of material on sperm whales might examine how they are portrayed as “evil” in cultural documents. The subsections might include how they are personified, how their proportions are exaggerated, and their behaviors misunderstood. A review organized in this manner would shift between time periods within each section according to the point made.
Methodological: A methodological approach differs from the two above in that the focusing factor usually does not have to do with the content of the material. Instead, it focuses on the “methods” of the researcher or writer. For the sperm whale project, one methodological approach would be to look at cultural differences between the portrayal of whales in American, British, and French art work. Or the review might focus on the economic impact of whaling on a community. A methodological scope will influence either the types of documents in the review or the way in which these documents are discussed. Once you’ve decided on the organizational method for the body of the review, the sections you need to include in the paper should be easy to figure out. They should arise out of your organizational strategy. In other words, a chronological review would have subsections for each vital time period. A thematic review would have subtopics based upon factors that relate to the theme or issue.
Sometimes, though, you might need to add additional sections that are necessary for your study, but do not fit in the organizational strategy of the body. What other sections you include in the body is up to you. Put in only what is necessary. Here are a few other sections you might want to consider:
Current Situation: Information necessary to understand the topic or focus of the literature review. History: The chronological progression of the field, the literature, or an idea that is necessary to understand the literature review, if the body of the literature review is not already a chronology. Methods and/or Standards: The criteria you used to select the sources in your literature review or the way in which you present your information. For instance, you might explain that your review includes only peer-reviewed articles and journals.
Questions for Further Research: What questions about the field has the review sparked? How will you further your research as a result of the review?
How do you in text cite a peer reviewed article APA with multiple authors?
Parenthetical vs. narrative citations – The in-text citation can be placed in parentheses or naturally integrated into a sentence.
Parenthetical : There is a correlation between social media usage and anxiety symptoms in teenagers (Parker, 2019), Narrative: Parker (2019) found a correlation between social media usage and anxiety symptoms in teenagers.
The publication year appears directly after the author’s name when using the narrative format. The parenthetical citation can be placed within or at the end of a sentence, just before the period. Check out a full example paragraph with in-text citations,
| Author type | Parenthetical | Narrative |
|---|---|---|
| One author | (Harris, 2020) | Harris (2020) |
| Two authors | (Harris & Cook, 2020) | Harris and Cook (2020) |
| Three or more authors | (Harris et al., 2020) | Harris et al. (2020) |
| Group authors | (Scribbr, 2020) | Scribbr (2020) |
| Abbreviated group author
First citation Subsequent citations |
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020) (CDC, 2020) | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2020) CDC (2020) |
Do literature reviews have headings APA 7?
You’ll want to use headings to structure your lit review. The APA 7th Additions specifies five levels of headings, in descending levels of emphasis (i.e. level 1 headings are the most important and level 5 headings the least). The number of headings you use will depend on the length and complexity of your paper, but in any case, make sure to begin with a level 1 heading and proceed sequentially to level 2, then level 3, etc.
The introduction to your paper does not begin with a heading of any kind. Note that there cannot be single level 3, 4, or 5 headings. That is, you must have more than one heading at each of those levels. Level 1 Headings Are Centered, Title Case and Bold With No Closing Period Start a new, indented paragraph on the next line after Level 1 headings.
Level 2 Headings Are Flush Left (Not Centered and Not Indented) and Are Title Case and Bold With No Closing Period Start a new, indented paragraph on the next line after Level 2 headings. Level 3 Headings Are Flush Left (Not Centered and Not Indented) and Are Title Case, Bold, and Italicized, With No Closing Period Start a new, indented paragraph on the next line after Level 3 headings.
How do you cite a paper under review in APA 7?
Author, A.A. (Year). Title of manuscript. Unpublished manuscript.
How do you cite an article under review in APA 7?
Author(s) (Year). Title of manuscript. or or.